![]() The Tanner scale is a widely used 5-point scale that rates breast development in girls, genital development in boys, and pubic hair growth in both. We used a genetic score comprised of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with Tanner genital stage in adolescent boys, as a surrogate for the onset and progression of pubertal changes, and we determined associations of this genetic score with prostate cancer risk, stage and grade. We investigated whether pubertal development influences risk of prostate cancer in a population-based cohort. However, timing of puberty in boys is difficult to measure as it is not defined by a specific event as in women (menarche) thus, assessing it as a risk factor for prostate cancer in men is challenging. Age of menarche is a well-known risk factor for breast cancer, but it is yet unclear whether sexual maturation similarly influences later life cancer events in men. Age at onset of puberty may be a risk factor for prostate adenocarcinoma in men given that exposure to high levels of hormones takes place during the critical window of prostate development in adolescence. Ĭirculating hormones, which rise during puberty, in particular androgens and insulin-like growth factors (IGFs), may play a role in prostate cancer initiation and progression, although the relevance of serum androgen levels has recently been called into question. Prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia, a precursor of prostate cancer, has been observed among men in their 20s, suggesting that early-life exposures may play a role in the development of prostate cancer and provide novel opportunities for prostate cancer prevention. Prostate cancer is now the most frequently detected cancer among men in Westernized countries. Older age at sexual maturation is causally linked to a reduced risk of later prostate cancer, especially aggressive disease. localized cancer, per tertile: 0.95 95 % CI, 0.91–1.00) and prostate cancer-specific mortality (hazard ratio amongst cases, per tertile: 0.94 95 % CI, 0.90–0.98), but not with disease grade. In PRACTICAL, the puberty genetic score was associated with prostate cancer stage (OR of advanced vs. In an instrumental variable estimation of the causal OR, later physical development in adolescence (equivalent to a difference of one Tanner stage between pubertal boys of the same age) was associated with a 77 % (95 % CI, 43–91 %) reduced odds of high Gleason prostate cancer. In ProtecT, the puberty genetic score was inversely associated with prostate cancer grade (odds ratio (OR) of high- vs. ![]() We examined the association of this score with prostate cancer risk, stage and grade in the UK-based ProtecT case-control study ( n = 2,927), and used the PRACTICAL consortium ( n = 43,737) as a replication sample. A higher score indicated a later puberty onset. ![]() We derived a weighted genetic risk score for pubertal development, combining 13 SNPs associated with male Tanner stage. To obtain causal estimates, we examined the role of pubertal development in prostate cancer using genetic polymorphisms associated with Tanner stage in adolescent boys in a Mendelian randomization (MR) approach. " Telecommunications Infrastructure And Gdp /Jipp Curve/,"Įconomics and computer science, Publishing house "Knowledge and business" Varna, issue 4, pages 7-58.Pubertal development and prostate cancer risk: Mendelian randomization study in a population-based cohortīMC Medicine volume 14, Article number: 66 ( 2016)Įpidemiological studies have observed a positive association between an earlier age at sexual development and prostate cancer, but markers of sexual maturation in boys are imprecise and observational estimates are likely to suffer from a degree of uncontrolled confounding. Economic Sciences Series, Union of Scientists - Varna, Economic Sciences Section, issue 2, pages 158-168, November. Izvestia Journal of the Union of Scientists - Varna. " Digital Divide of the Balkan countries - comparative statistical analysis," Economic Sciences Series, Union of Scientists - Varna, Economic Sciences Section, vol. " Telecommunications in the Balkans - Retrospective Statistical Analysis," " Broadband and e-Commerce in the Balkans - Econometric Analysis,"
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